Cryptography
Hashing
Symmetric-Key Cryptography
Asymmetric-Key Cryptography (Public-Key Cryptography)
Key Management
Cryptographic Primitives
Cryptographic Protocols
Cryptanalysis
Quantum Cryptography
Cryptographic Standards and Regulations
Applications
Cryptocurrencies (e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum)
Smart Contracts
Supply Chain Management
Identity Management
Voting Systems
Healthcare Data Management
Real Estate Transactions
Blockchain
Fundamentals
Distributed Ledger
Decentralized Database
Synchronized across multiple nodes
No central authority
Decentralization
Removal of central authority
Peer-to-peer network
Shared control and governance
Consensus Mechanisms
Proof of Work (PoW)
Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)
Immutability
Transactions are permanent and cannot be altered
Cryptographic hashing ensures data integrity
Blockchain Data Structure
Blocks
Containers for transactions
Linked together in a chronological chain
Transactions
Fundamental unit of data
Represent the exchange of value
Efficient data structure for verifying transactions
Allows for compact proofs of inclusion
Hashing
Cryptographic hash functions (e.g., SHA-256)
Used to link blocks and secure the blockchain
Chaining
Each block contains a hash of the previous block
Network
Architecture
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
Nodes
Propagation
Validation
Consensus Protocols
Proof of Work (PoW)
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Proof of Authority (PoA)
Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)
Blockchain
Architecture
Layers
Protocol (Consensus) Layer
Network Layer
Data Layer
Hardware/Infrastructure Layer
Blockchain
Ecosystem
Solidity
Basics
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)
Data Types
Variables and Scope
Functions
Contracts
Defining and emitting events to log important changes.
Libraries and Interfaces
Avoiding common vulnerabilities and implementing security best practices.