Revise and Learn all Your Concepts

Variables &
Data Types

Integers

int - Whole numbers with no decimal places

Floats

float - Floating-point numbers

Booleans

bool - Boolean values (True or False)

Strings

str - Sequence of Unicode characters

Lists

list - Mutable sequence of items

Tuples

tuple - Immutable sequence of items

Dictionaries

dict - Unordered collection of key-value pairs

Sets

set - Unordered collection of unique items
frozenset - Immutable set

Object-Oriented
Programming

class: Defining a class

__init__(): Initializing objects
- Initializing Objects
- The __init__ Method
self: Referring to the current instance
- The self Argument
- The self Argument

Polymorphism

__call__(): Calling an object

__getitem__(), __setitem__(), __delitem__(): Item access
- Getting, Setting, and Deleting Items
- Emulating Container Types

Generators

Generator Functions

Generator Expressions

Functional
Programming

Lambda Functions

lambda: Creating anonymous functions
- Lambda Expressions

Map, Filter, Reduce

map(): Applying a function to each item in an iterable
- Built-in Functions
filter(): Filtering an iterable based on a function
- Built-in Functions
functools.reduce(): Applying a function of two arguments cumulatively
- The functools.reduce() Function

List Comprehensions, Dict Comprehensions

[expr for item in iterable]: Creating a list comprehension
- List Comprehensions
{key:value for item in iterable}: Creating a dictionary comprehension
- Dictionary Comprehensions

Operators & Control

flow

Operators

Arithmetic Operators

+, -, *, /, //, %, **

Comparison Operators

<, >, <=, >=, ==, !=

Logical Operators

and, or, not

Bitwise Operators

&, |, ^, ~, <<, >>

Control Flow

Conditional Statements

if, elif, else

Loops

for
while

Control Flow Statements

Python Class
Attributes

When Should You Use Python Class Attributes?:

Python Class Variables vs. Instance Variables:
- Python Class Variables vs. Instance Variables
- Class and Instance Attributes in Python
Python Class Attributes vs. Instance Attributes:
- Python Class Attributes vs. Instance Attributes
- Class and Instance Attributes in Python

Encapsulation

__getattr__(), __setattr__(), __delattr__(): Attribute access

__str__(), __repr__(): String representation
- String Representation
- Object Representation

Exception
Handling

try: Attempting a block of code

The try statement

raise: Raising an exception

The raise statement

class: Defining a custom exception

DSA

Arrays and Linked Lists

List Documentation

Linked Lists in Python

Stacks and Queues

Stacks in Python

Queues in Python

Stack and Queue Operations

Trees and Graphs

Trees in Python

Graphs in Python

Graph Traversal Algorithms

Sorting Algorithms

Sorting in Python

bubble_sort(), insertion_sort(), merge_sort(): Implementing custom sorting algorithms
- Sorting Algorithms in Python

Searching Algorithms

Linear Search in Python

Binary Search in Python

Functions

Defining and Calling Functions

def - Defining a function
Calling a function

Parameters and Arguments

Return Statements

return - Returning values from a function

Scope (Local, Global, Nonlocal)

File I/O

Reading and Writing Files

open() - Opening a file
read() - Reading from a file
write() - Writing to a file

File Modes

'r' - Reading mode
'w' - Writing mode
'a' - Appending mode
'x' - Exclusive creation mode
'b' - Binary mode
't' - Text mode (default)

Handling File Exceptions

try - Catching exceptions
except - Handling specific exceptions
finally - Executing cleanup code

Inheritance

class: Defining a derived class

super(): Accessing the parent class
- Using super()
- The super() Built-in Function

Abstraction

abc.ABC, abc.abstractmethod(): Abstract base classes

Decorators

Function Decorators

@decorator: Applying a decorator to a function
- Defining Functions
- Function Decorators
functools.wraps(): Preserving function metadata
- The functools.wraps() Decorator
- Decorator Functions

Class Decorators

@decorator: Applying a decorator to a class